|
Symbol | Function |
\ |
Marks the next character as a special escaped character |
^ |
Matches/anchors the beginning of line |
$ |
Matches/anchors the end of line |
? |
Matches the preceding pattern or group zero or one times |
* |
Matches the preceding pattern or group zero or more times |
+ |
Matches the preceding pattern or group one or more times |
. |
Matches any single character except \r and \n |
{x,y} |
Matches the preceding pattern at least x times, no more than y times |
b{7} |
Matches exactly 7 characters |
b{7,} |
Matches at least 7 characters |
b{7,9} |
Matches at least 7 characters but no more than 9 characters |
(expression) |
Brackets or tags an expression as a group (there may be up to 9 groups) |
abc|xyz |
Matches abc OR xyz |
(abc|xyz) |
Matches abc OR xyz |
[xyz] |
A character set. Matches any characters between brackets |
[^xyz] |
A negative character set. Matches any characters NOT between brackets |
\f |
Matches a form-feed character |
\n |
Matches a linefeed character |
\r |
Matches a carriage return character |
\t |
Matches a tab character |
\v |
Matches a vertical tab character |
\c |
Matches a character. Equivalent to [A-Za-z] |
\C |
Matches a noncharacter. Equivalent to [^A-Za-z] |
\d |
Matches a digit. Equivalent to [0-9] |
\D |
Matches a nondigit. Equivalent to [^0-9] |
\s |
Matches any white space including space, tab, formfeed, etc
but not newline. Equivalent to [ \f\t\v] |
\S |
Matches any nonwhite space character but not newline. Equivalent to [^ \f\t\v] |
\w |
Matches any word character including underscore. Equivalent to [A-Za-z0-9 _] |
\W |
Matches any nonword character. Equivalent to [^A-Za-z0-9 _] |
Note - ^ refers to the character '^' NOT Control Key + value
Special Character Requirements:
'['
place it inside a character set or escape
it with a backslash
']'
it must be the first character inside
the character set or escaped with a backslash
.,+*?$(){}
they must be inside a character
set or escaped with a backslash
'^'
it must not be the first character on a line
or the first character in a set or it must be escaped with a
backslash
'-'
in a character set it must be first or last
character in the set
m.n
matches "man", "men", "min"
but not "moon"
Te?st
matches "tst", "test" BUT NOT "teest",
"teeest" etc.
Te+st
matches "test", "teest", "teeeest"
etc. BUT NOT "tst"
Te*st
matches "test", "teest", "teeeest"
etc. AND "tst"
[aeiou]
matches every lowercase vowel
[,.?]
matches a literal ",", "." or "?"
[0-9a-z]
matches any digit, or lowercase letter
[^0-9]
matches any character except a digit (^ means NOT
the following)
(John|Jane)